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    <h1 class="title">Elasticsearch.Nest 教程系列 2-2 连接：Connection pools | 连接池使用</h1>
  


      
        <time datetime="2020-01-14T09:56:01.000Z">
          create: 2020-01-14 17:56:01 | update: 2020-01-23 11:31:42
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    </header>
    <div class="entry">
      
      <blockquote>
<ul>
<li>本系列博文是“伪”官方文档翻译（更加本土化），并非完全将官方文档进行翻译，而是在查阅、测试原始文档并转换为自己真知灼见后的“准”翻译。有不同见解 / 说明不周的地方，还请海涵、不吝拍砖 ：）</li>
<li>官方文档见此：<a href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/net-api/current/introduction.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/net-api/current/introduction.html</a></li>
<li>本系列对应的版本环境：<a href="mailto:ElasticSearch@7.3.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ElasticSearch@7.3.1</a>，<a href="mailto:NEST@7.3.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NEST@7.3.1</a>，IDE 和开发平台默认为 VS2019，.NET CORE 2.1</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<p>连接池是一个内部机制，它主要关注于集群中注册的节点以及判断 NEST 可以使用那些节点来发送客户端的请求。</p>
<ul>
<li>P.S.：此连接池非彼连接池（跟ADO.NET 中的数据库连接池不同），NEST 的连接池并不负责管理跟 ES 服务器的 TCP 连接。<ul>
<li>到 ES 服务端的 TCP 连接由 DESKTOP CLR 中的 ServicePointManager 负责，更多关于 ServicePointManager <a href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/adarshk/2005/01/02/understanding-system-net-connection-management-and-servicepointmanager/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">见此</a>。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>ES 中的连接池的作用：负责管理 ES 集群中可以建立连接的节点，并且一个 IConnectionPool 示例与一个 ConnectionSetting 示例相关联（一一对应关联）。</p>
<p>由于单个 NEST 客户端建议使用’单例’，因此单个连接池实例的生命周期跟应用程序的生命周期相同。</p>
<p>一共包含以下 5 个类型的连接池</p>
<ul>
<li>SingleNodeConnectionPool</li>
<li>CloudConnectionPool</li>
<li>StaticConnectionPool</li>
<li>SniffingConnectionPool</li>
<li>StickyConnectionPool</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="SingleNodeConnectionPool"><a href="#SingleNodeConnectionPool" class="headerlink" title="SingleNodeConnectionPool"></a>SingleNodeConnectionPool</h1><blockquote>
<p>一般 SingleNodeConnectionPool 适用于集群中只有一个节点或者只有单个复杂均衡实例的情况。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>当没有在 ConnectionSettings 构造函数中显式指定连接池类型的时候，此类型是默认连接池，也是在所有类型中最简单的一种连接池类型。<br><a id="more"></a><br>这种类型的连接池，使用单个 URI 来连接到 ES 服务器，所有请求也都通过 URI 来发起调用。</p>
<p>SingleNodeConnectionPool 不会标记节点是否还存活，也跟 sniffing 和 pinging 行为没有关系。该连接池会确保该 URI 下的连接随时可用。 </p>
<p>示例：</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="csharp" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="csharp">public ElasticSearchClient(ElasticSearchSettings esSettings)
{
    _esSettings = esSettings;
    var pool = new SingleNodeConnectionPool(new Uri(_esSettings.ServerUri));
    var settings = new ConnectionSettings(pool);
    settings.DefaultIndex(esSettings.DefaultIndex);
    settings.DefaultMappingFor&lt;User&gt;(usr =&gt; usr.IndexName(&quot;users&quot;));
    _client = new ElasticClient(settings);
}
</code></pre>
<p>你也可以通过以下方式来直接使用 SingleNodeConnectionPool 来实例化一个 ElasticClient</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="csharp" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="csharp">var client = new ElasticClient(uri);
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>内部实际使用的是 SingleNodeConnectionPool 连接池。</li>
<li>虽然可以直接用 ElasticClient 类来进行实例化，<strong>但依然建议通过 ConnectionSettings 来显式指定连接池类型</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="CloudConnectionPool"><a href="#CloudConnectionPool" class="headerlink" title="CloudConnectionPool"></a>CloudConnectionPool</h1><blockquote>
<p>CloudConnectionPool 适用于使用了 Elatic 云服务实例的连接。。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>一个特定的 SingleNodeConnectionPool 子类，接收一个 Cloud ID 和 凭证。</p>
<ul>
<li>Cloud ID 可以从 Elastic Cloud Web 控制台获取。</li>
<li>Cloud ID 可以从你的 Elastic Cloud 集群管理控制台中获取。</li>
<li>Cloud ID 的格式一般为：cluster_name:base_64_data，其中 base_64_data 是一个该云实例的 UUID，例：<ul>
<li>host_name\$elasticsearch_uuid\$kibana_uuid\$apm_uuid</li>
<li>其中，只有 host_name 和 ealsticsearch_uuid 始终可用。<br>指定为 CloudConnectionPool，客户端会为连接设置为 Elastic Cloud 优化的默认值。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>示例：</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="csharp" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="csharp">var credentials = new BasicAuthenticationCredentials(&quot;username&quot;, &quot;password&quot;); 
var pool = new CloudConnectionPool(cloudId, credentials); 
var client = new ElasticClient(new ConnectionSettings(pool));
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>username 和 password 可以从 Elastic Cloud 中的 ES 服务内获取。</li>
</ul>
<p>跟 SingleNodeConnectionPool 一样，CloudConnectionPool 不会标记节点是否还存活，也跟 sniffing 和 pinging 行为没有关系。</p>
<p>同样，你可以直接用 ElasticClient 类来直接实例化一个使用了 CloudConnectionPool 的客户端，如下：</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="csharp" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="csharp">var client = new ElasticClient(cloudId, credentials);
</code></pre>
<h1 id="StaticConnectionPool"><a href="#StaticConnectionPool" class="headerlink" title="StaticConnectionPool"></a>StaticConnectionPool</h1><blockquote>
<p>如果您有一个小型集群且不想启用嗅探功能来发现集群拓扑的话，则使用 StaticConnectionPool 连接池非常适合。</p>
<p>StaticConnectionPool 不支持 sniffing，但是支持 pinging。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>示例：</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="csharp" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="csharp">// 给定一个 Uri 集合
var uris = Enumerable.Range(9200, 5)
    .Select(port =&gt; new Uri($&quot;http://localhost:{port}&quot;));

// 让连接池使用这些 URI
var pool = new StaticConnectionPool(uris);
var client = new ElasticClient(new ConnectionSettings(pool));

// 也可以使用 Node 集合来进行实例化
var nodes = uris.Select(u =&gt; new Node(u));
pool = new StaticConnectionPool(nodes);
client = new ElasticClient(new ConnectionSettings(pool));
</code></pre>
<h1 id="SniffingConnectionPool"><a href="#SniffingConnectionPool" class="headerlink" title="SniffingConnectionPool"></a>SniffingConnectionPool</h1><blockquote>
<p>SniffingConnectionPool 支持 sniffing 和 pinging。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>SniffingConnectionPool 继承自 StaticConnectionPool，一个 sniffing 连接允许其在运行的时候 reseeded。</p>
<p>该连接池使用 ReaderWriterLockSlim 来确保线程安全（这种方式开销很小）。</p>
<p>示例：</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="csharp" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="csharp">// 给定一个 Uri 集合
var uris = Enumerable.Range(9200, 5)
    .Select(port =&gt; new Uri($&quot;http://localhost:{port}&quot;));

// 让连接池使用这些 URI
var pool = new SniffingConnectionPool(uris);
var client = new ElasticClient(new ConnectionSettings(pool));

// 也可以使用 Node 集合来进行实例化
var nodes = uris.Select(u=&gt;new Node(u));
pool = new SniffingConnectionPool(nodes);
client = new ElasticClient(new ConnectionSettings(pool));
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>使用 Node 的主要好处是在 sedding 的时候可以包括已知的节点角色，之后 NEST 可以使用这些角色来支持特定的 API 请求，如：先在有资格的主节点上进行 sniffing，之后将问题主节点从客户端调用中移除。</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="StickyConnectionPool"><a href="#StickyConnectionPool" class="headerlink" title="StickyConnectionPool"></a>StickyConnectionPool</h1><p>返回第一个活动节点以对其进行数据请求，底层通过 System.Threading.Interlocked 以线程安全的方式将“索引器”保留到最后一个活动节点。</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="csharp" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="csharp">// 给定一个 Uri 集合
var uris = Enumerable.Range(9200, 5)
    .Select(port =&gt; new Uri($&quot;http://localhost:{port}&quot;));

/* StickyConnectionPool 通过第二个入参：Func&lt;Node, float&gt;，传入一个 Node并返回一个权重值，通过权重值来进行倒序排序。
以下示例通过对节点进行评分，以使 rack_id  为 rack_one 的客户端节点得分最高
*/
var pool = new StickySniffingConnectionPool(uris, node =&gt;
{
    var weight = 0f;

    if (node.ClientNode)
        weight += 10;

    if (node.Settings.TryGetValue(&quot;node.attr.rack_id&quot;, out var rackId) &amp;&amp; rackId.ToString() == &quot;rack_one&quot;)
        weight += 10;

    return weight;
});

var client = new ElasticClient(new ConnectionSettings(pool));
</code></pre>

      

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